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What (who) is REM sleep - definition

UNIQUE PHASE OF SLEEP IN MAMMALS AND BIRDS, CHARACTERIZED BY RANDOM/RAPID MOVEMENT OF THE EYES

REM sleep; Paradoxical sleep; Sleep onset rem; Active sleep; REM atonia; Sleep, rem; REM dream; Rem sleep parasomnias; REM Cycle; Rem sleep; REM stage of sleep; REM stage; REM overflow; REM cycle; REM frequency; Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; REM phase of sleep; Rapid eye movement during sleep; R.E.M. sleep; Sentinel hypothesis; REM period; Rapid Eye Movement sleep; Rapid eye movement (sleep); Rapid eye movements; REM study; REM Sleep; REM phase; Rapid Eye Movement Sleep; Rem Sleep; Paradoxal sleep

REM sleep

¦ noun a kind of sleep that occurs at intervals during the night and is characterized by rapid eye movement, more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing.

Rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

SLEEP DISORDER THAT INVOLVES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR INCLUDING THE ACTING OUT OF VIOLENT OR DRAMATIC DREAMS DURING THE SLEEP PHASE WITH RAPID EYE MOVEMENT

REM behavior disorder; REM behaviour disorder; REM Behavior Disorder; Rem sleep behavior disorder; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder; REM sleep behavior disorder; Rapid eye movement behavior disorder

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder or REM behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder in which people act out their dreams. It involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep_behavior_disorder

Wikipedia

Rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.

The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep or dreamy sleep, because of physiological similarities to waking states including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem, and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Experiences of REM sleep are not transferred to permanent memory due to absence of norepinephrine.

REM sleep is physiologically different from the other phases of sleep, which are collectively referred to as non-REM sleep (NREM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep). The absence of visual and auditory stimulation (sensory deprivation) during REM sleep can cause hallucinations. REM and non-REM sleep alternate within one sleep cycle, which lasts about 90 minutes in adult humans. As sleep cycles continue, they shift towards a higher proportion of REM sleep. The transition to REM sleep brings marked physical changes, beginning with electrical bursts called "ponto-geniculo-occipital waves" (PGO waves) originating in the brain stem. REM sleep occurs 4 times in a 7 hour sleep. Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation and circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking. The body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia.

In 1953, Professor Nathaniel Kleitman and his student Eugene Aserinsky defined rapid eye movement and linked it to dreams. REM sleep was further described by researchers, including William Dement and Michel Jouvet. Many experiments have involved awakening test subjects whenever they begin to enter the REM phase, thereby producing a state known as REM deprivation. Subjects allowed to sleep normally again usually experience a modest REM rebound. Techniques of neurosurgery, chemical injection, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography, and reports of dreamers upon waking, have all been used to study this phase of sleep.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid eye movement sleep

Examples of use of REM sleep

1. Some studies suggest humans who sleep in an east–west position have far shorter rapid eye movement or REM sleep cycles, in which dreams occur, compared with north–south sleepers who got more REM sleep.

2. "If people are deprived of their REM sleep then their learning doesn‘t improve," Professor Stickgold said.

3. However, if you sleep longer, and go into REM sleep, in which dreaming occurs, the effects may be cancelled out.

4. Over time, the breathing lapses increased in severity, spreading into non–REM sleep and eventually occurring when the rats were awake as well.

5. Leanne McKay, a member of the team, said÷ We were surprised to see that breathing completely stopped when the rat entered REM sleep, forcing the rat to wake up in order to start breathing again.